Влияние обеспечения нутриентами в пренатальном и грудном возрасте на развитие ожирения у детей
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15574/SP.2016.79.106Ключевые слова:
ожирение у детей, пренатальный период, нутритивный статус, нутритивное программированиеАннотация
В работе проанализированы данные литературы относительно влияния нутритивного обеспечения в пренатальном периоде и грудном воздасте на развитие ожирения у детей. Известно, что почти у 60% взрослых с ожирением проблемы с лишним весом начались в детском и подростковом возрасте. Ожирение и его осложнения (сахарный диабет 2-го типа, артериальная гипертония, коронарная болезнь сердца, атеросклероз, онкологические заболевания) связывают с многочисленными генетическими маркерами, но определенные гормональные, синдромные или молекулярно-генетические нарушения могут объяснить менее 5% всех случаев ожирения. Показана роль дефицита и повышенного содержания белка в питании плода и ребенка первого года жизни в развитии ожирения у детей. Проанализировано понятие и предполагаемые механизмы пищевого (нутритивного) программирования для развития ожирения. Природное вскармливание младенцев снижает риск развития чрезмерной массы тела во взрослом возрасте, в то время как искусственное вскармливание способствует ожирению. Акцентировано внимание на сохранении грудного вскармливания до 6-месячного возраста для обеспечения оптимального роста и развития ребенка.
Ключевые слова: ожирение у детей, пренатальный период, нутритивный статус, нутритивное программирование.
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